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Divorce means the separation of the spouses from each other in an official and legal manner, and scholars of jurisprudence defined it as: “The dissolution of the marriage contract with an explicit wording, or a metaphor with the intention, and the expressions of explicit divorce are: (divorce, separation, and release). The metaphor is: “every word that may be subject to divorce and other things,” such as: join your family, or I have nothing to do with you, and so on. If he intended to divorce occurred, otherwise not. And his method is for a man of sound mind to pronounce the word divorce or (the oath of divorce) in front of his wife in her presence, or in her absence, or pronounce it before the judge in her absence according to the law of Islam and most of its schools. This is done with the agreement of the two parties, or by the will of one of them, and it is present in many cultures of the world, and divorce has many types and legitimacy, namely, revocable or irrevocable, minor, irrevocable, major, khul’, and judge’s divorces.
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Divorce has multiple provisions for the Sunnis and the group.
Minor Baynunah Divorce
It is an agreement between the husband and wife to terminate the marriage, in return for the wife’s payment to liberate the marriage contract, and this liberation may be by the woman giving up part of the dowry or all of the dowry that they agreed upon at the beginning of the marriage contract. Although the law of Islam made divorce in the hands of the man alone, but it opened many avenues for the woman who is oppressed or who cannot bear to live with her husband to be freed from the marriage covenant, and to start another life with another husband, and among these ways is the ruling (khul’) which was approved by Islamic Sharia and made it a means of relief. About the wife who wants to be saved from a life of misery with her husband, by giving him some of her material rights in exchange for divorce, and this is what the Prophet did with the wife of the companion Thabet bin Shammas when she came to him complaining to him of her misery with her husband who does not love him and that she lives with him under compulsion, so he ordered her to respond His garden, which was a dowry for her, and ordered him to divorce her once.
It is for the judge to divorce the wife from her husband in multiple cases, such as if the husband is absent and his fate is unknown, such as if he is a prisoner, kidnapper, or traveler, or the husband has deserted his wife for a long period without spending on her, or a divorce of competent lineage while in the case of an Arab marriage of A foreigner, with the consent of her father and the dissatisfaction of the others in the group, shall divorce the judge if any relative of the girl, among the cousins or brothers, raises his objection to the marriage.
The law of Islam imposed that divorce be in the hands of the man, because he sees the man controlling his emotions most of the time, and because of the expenses and obstacles that he owes.
Marriage is rarely a marriage of reason but divorce must be a divorce of reason because both spouses know each other.
Sacha Guitry
Divorce is not easy...it is a scratch in the body of life that remains for life.
Ihsan Abdel Quddous
One of the sad contradictions is that a Muslim spends time and money on engagement, dowry, furniture, gifts and the wedding, which may be thousands of pounds in long days. Then after all that he says, “He must divorce if he returns to smoking.” Then he smokes, his wife goes for a cigarette, and the house that he spent a lot on in his residence collapses!!
Mohammed al-Ghazali
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